Sistema de eventos

O Wails oferece um sistema unificado de eventos para comunicação pub/sub. Emita eventos de qualquer lugar e escute-os em qualquer lugar — do Go para o JavaScript, do JavaScript para o Go, de uma janela para outra — possibilitando uma arquitetura desacoplada com eventos tipados e hooks de ciclo de vida.

Início rápido

Go (emitir):

app.Event.Emit("user-logged-in", map[string]interface{}{
    "userId": 123,
    "name": "Alice",
})

JavaScript (escutar):

javascript

import { Events } from '@wailsio/runtime'

Events.On("user-logged-in", (event) => {
    console.log(`User ${event.data.name} logged in`)
})

É só isso! Pub/sub entre linguagens.

Tipos de eventos

Eventos personalizados

Eventos específicos da sua aplicação:

// Emit from Go
app.Event.Emit("order-created", order)
app.Event.Emit("payment-processed", payment)
app.Event.Emit("notification", message)

javascript

// Listen in JavaScript
Events.On("order-created", handleOrder)
Events.On("payment-processed", handlePayment)
Events.On("notification", showNotification)

Eventos do sistema

Eventos integrados do sistema operacional e da aplicação:

import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/events"

// Theme changes
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ThemeChanged, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    if e.Context().IsDarkMode() {
        app.Logger.Info("Dark mode enabled")
    }
})

// Application lifecycle
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationStarted, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Application started")
})

Eventos de janela

Eventos específicos de janela:

window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowFocus, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Window focused")
})

window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Window closing")
})

Emissão de eventos

A partir do Go

Emissão básica:

app.Event.Emit("event-name", data)

Com diferentes tipos de dados:

// String
app.Event.Emit("message", "Hello")

// Number
app.Event.Emit("count", 42)

// Struct
app.Event.Emit("user", User{ID: 1, Name: "Alice"})

// Map
app.Event.Emit("config", map[string]interface{}{
    "theme": "dark",
    "fontSize": 14,
})

// Array
app.Event.Emit("items", []string{"a", "b", "c"})

Para uma janela específica:

window.EmitEvent("window-specific-event", data)

A partir do JavaScript

javascript

import { Events } from '@wailsio/runtime'

// Emit to Go
Events.Emit("button-clicked", { buttonId: "submit" })

// Emit to all windows
Events.Emit("broadcast-message", "Hello everyone")

Escuta de eventos

No Go

Eventos da aplicação:

app.Event.On("custom-event", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
    data := e.Data
    // Handle event
})

Com asserção de tipo:

app.Event.On("user-updated", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
    user := e.Data.(User)
    app.Logger.Info("User updated", "name", user.Name)
})

Vários handlers:

// All handlers will be called
app.Event.On("order-created", logOrder)
app.Event.On("order-created", sendEmail)
app.Event.On("order-created", updateInventory)

No JavaScript

Listener básico:

javascript

import { Events } from '@wailsio/runtime'

Events.On("event-name", (event) => {
    console.log("Event received:", event.data)
})

Com limpeza:

javascript

const unsubscribe = Events.On("event-name", handleEvent)

// Later, stop listening
unsubscribe()

Vários handlers:

javascript

Events.On("data-updated", updateUI)
Events.On("data-updated", saveToCache)
Events.On("data-updated", logChange)

Handlers executados uma única vez:

javascript

Events.Once("data-updated", updateVariable)

Eventos do sistema

Eventos da aplicação

Eventos comuns (multiplataforma):

import "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/events"

// Application started
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationStarted, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("App started")
})

// Theme changed
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ThemeChanged, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    isDark := e.Context().IsDarkMode()
    app.Event.Emit("theme-changed", isDark)
})

// System about to suspend
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.SystemWillSleep, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    flushPendingWrites()
})

// System resumed from suspend
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.SystemDidWake, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    reconnectSockets()
    refreshState()
})

// File opened
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ApplicationOpenedWithFile, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    // Single-file: e.Context().Filename() returns ""; for multi-file launches
    // (Finder "Open With..." → multiple selection) use OpenedFiles().
    filePath := e.Context().Filename()
    openFile(filePath)
})

Eventos específicos da plataforma:

// Application became active
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Mac.ApplicationDidBecomeActive, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("App became active")
})

// Application will terminate
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Mac.ApplicationWillTerminate, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    cleanup()
})

// System about to sleep / resumed
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Mac.ApplicationWillSleep, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    flushPendingWrites()
})
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Mac.ApplicationDidWake, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    refreshState()
})

// Displays sleeping/waking — distinct from system sleep (e.g. lid lowered)
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Mac.ApplicationScreensDidSleep, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    pauseRendering()
})
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Mac.ApplicationScreensDidWake, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    resumeRendering()
})

// Power status changed
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Windows.APMPowerStatusChange, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Power status changed")
})

// System suspending
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Windows.APMSuspend, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    saveState()
})

// System resumed. APMResumeAutomatic always fires on resume;
// APMResumeSuspend fires after it when the wake was triggered by
// user input. Prefer Common.SystemDidWake if you don't need to
// distinguish.
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Windows.APMResumeAutomatic, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    refreshState()
})

// Application startup
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Linux.ApplicationStartup, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("App starting")
})

// Theme changed
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Linux.SystemThemeChanged, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    updateTheme()
})

// System sleep/wake — sourced from systemd-logind's PrepareForSleep
// signal on the system bus. Requires logind/elogind exposing
// org.freedesktop.login1, so it may be unavailable on distros/setups
// without it (Alpine, Void, some Devuan setups).
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Linux.SystemWillSleep, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    flushPendingWrites()
})
app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Linux.SystemDidWake, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
    refreshState()
})

Eventos de janela

Eventos comuns de janela:

// Window focus
window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowFocus, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Window focused")
})

// Window blur
window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowLostFocus, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Window blurred")
})

// Window closing
window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    if hasUnsavedChanges() {
        e.Cancel()  // Prevent close
    }
})

// Window closed
window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    cleanup()
})

Hooks de eventos

Os hooks são executados antes dos listeners padrão e podem cancelar eventos:

// Hook - runs first, can cancel
window.RegisterHook(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    if hasUnsavedChanges() {
        result := showConfirmdialog("Unsaved changes. Close anyway?")
        if result != "yes" {
            e.Cancel()  // Prevent window close
        }
    }
})

// Standard listener - runs after hooks
window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
    app.Logger.Info("Window closing")
})

Principais diferenças:

Recurso	Hooks	Listeners padrão
Ordem de execução	Primeiro, na ordem de registro	Após os hooks, sem ordem garantida
Bloqueio	Síncrono; bloqueia o próximo hook	Assíncrono, sem bloqueio
Pode cancelar	Sim	Não (já propagado)
Caso de uso	Controle de fluxo, validação	Registro de logs, efeitos colaterais

Padrões de eventos

Padrão pub/sub

// Publisher (service)
type OrderService struct {
    app *application.App
}

func (o *OrderService) CreateOrder(items []Item) (*Order, error) {
    order := &Order{Items: items}
    
    if err := o.saveOrder(order); err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    
    // Publish event
    o.app.Event.Emit("order-created", order)
    
    return order, nil
}

// Subscribers
app.Event.On("order-created", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
    order := e.Data.(*Order)
    sendConfirmationEmail(order)
})

app.Event.On("order-created", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
    order := e.Data.(*Order)
    updateInventory(order)
})

app.Event.On("order-created", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
    order := e.Data.(*Order)
    logOrder(order)
})

Padrão de solicitação/resposta

// Frontend requests data
Emit("get-user-data", { userId: 123 })

// Backend responds
app.Event.On("get-user-data", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
    data := e.Data.(map[string]interface{})
    userId := int(data["userId"].(float64))
    
    user := getUserFromDB(userId)
    
    // Send response
    app.Event.Emit("user-data-response", user)
})

javascript

// Frontend receives response
Events.On("user-data-response", (event) => {
    const user = event.data
    displayUser(user)
})

Observação: Para solicitação/resposta, os bindings são mais adequados. Use eventos para notificações.

Padrão de broadcast

// Broadcast to all windows
app.Event.Emit("global-notification", "System update available")

// Each window handles it
Events.On("global-notification", (event) => {
    const message = event.data
    showNotification(message)
})

Agregação de eventos

type EventAggregator struct {
    events []Event
    mu     sync.Mutex
}

func (ea *EventAggregator) Add(event Event) {
    ea.mu.Lock()
    defer ea.mu.Unlock()
    
    ea.events = append(ea.events, event)
    
    // Emit batch every 100 events
    if len(ea.events) >= 100 {
        app.Event.Emit("event-batch", ea.events)
        ea.events = nil
    }
}

Exemplo completo

Go:

package main

import (
    "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
    "github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/events"
)

type NotificationService struct {
    app *application.App
}

func (n *NotificationService) Notify(message string) {
    // Emit to all windows
    n.app.Event.Emit("notification", map[string]interface{}{
        "message":   message,
        "timestamp": time.Now(),
    })
}

func main() {
    app := application.New(application.Options{
        Name: "Event Demo",
    })
    
    notifService := &NotificationService{app: app}
    
    // System events
    app.Event.OnApplicationEvent(events.Common.ThemeChanged, func(e *application.ApplicationEvent) {
        isDark := e.Context().IsDarkMode()
        app.Event.Emit("theme-changed", isDark)
    })
    
    // Custom events from frontend
    app.Event.On("user-action", func(e *application.CustomEvent) {
        data := e.Data.(map[string]interface{})
        action := data["action"].(string)
        
        app.Logger.Info("User action", "action", action)
        
        // Respond
        notifService.Notify("Action completed: " + action)
    })
    
    // Window events
    window := app.Window.New()
    
    window.OnWindowEvent(events.Common.WindowFocus, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
        app.Event.Emit("window-focused", window.Name())
    })
    
    window.RegisterHook(events.Common.WindowClosing, func(e *application.WindowEvent) {
        // Confirm before close
        app.Event.Emit("confirm-close", nil)
        e.Cancel()  // Wait for confirmation
    })
    
    app.Run()
}

JavaScript:

javascript

import { Events } from '@wailsio/runtime'

// Listen for notifications
Events.On("notification", (event) => {
    showNotification(event.data.message)
})

// Listen for theme changes
Events.On("theme-changed", (event) => {
    const isDark = event.data
    document.body.classList.toggle('dark', isDark)
})

// Listen for window focus
Events.On("window-focused", (event) => {
    const windowName = event.data
    console.log(`Window ${windowName} focused`)
})

// Handle close confirmation
Events.On("confirm-close", (event) => {
    if (confirm("Close window?")) {
        Events.Emit("close-confirmed", true)
    }
})

// Emit user actions
document.getElementById('button').addEventListener('click', () => {
    Events.Emit("user-action", { action: "button-clicked" })
})

Boas práticas

✅ Faça

Use eventos para notificações — Comunicação unidirecional
Use bindings para solicitações — Comunicação bidirecional
Mantenha os nomes dos eventos consistentes — Use kebab-case
Documente os dados dos eventos — Quais campos estão incluídos?
Cancele a inscrição quando terminar — Evite vazamentos de memória
Use hooks para validação — Controle o fluxo de eventos

❌ Não faça

Não use eventos para RPC — Use bindings em vez disso
Não emita eventos com muita frequência — Agrupe-os, se necessário
Não bloqueie a execução nos manipuladores — Mantenha-os rápidos
Não se esqueça de cancelar a inscrição — Esquecer de cancelá-la causa vazamentos de memória
Não use eventos para grandes volumes de dados — Use bindings
Não crie ciclos de eventos — A emite B, e B emite A

Próximas etapas

Guia de eventos

Saiba mais sobre padrões de eventos e geração de eventos com segurança de tipos.

Saiba mais →

API de eventos

Explore a API completa de eventos do aplicativo e das janelas.

Saiba mais →

Bindings

Use bindings para solicitações e respostas.

Saiba mais →

Eventos de janela

Trate os eventos do ciclo de vida das janelas.

Saiba mais →

Dúvidas? Pergunte no Discord ou consulte os exemplos de eventos.

Acessibilidade

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Sistema de eventos