笔记
构建一个支持文件操作和原生对话框的笔记应用
在本教程中,你将使用 Wails v3 构建一个笔记应用,演示文件操作、原生对话框和现代桌面应用模式。

你将构建的内容
- 一个功能完整的笔记应用,支持创建、编辑和删除笔记
- 用于导入和导出笔记的原生文件保存和打开对话框
- 输入时使用防抖自动保存,减少不必要的更新
- 仿 Apple Notes 的专业双栏布局(侧边栏 + 编辑器)
你将学到的内容
- 在 Wails 中使用原生文件对话框(
SaveFileDialog、OpenFileDialog、InfoDialog) - 使用 JSON 文件持久化数据
- 实现防抖自动保存模式
- 使用现代 CSS 构建专业的桌面用户界面
- 将 Go 结构体正确序列化为 JSON
项目设置
1
创建新的 Wails 项目
bash
wails3 init -n notes-app -t vanilla
cd notes-app
2
创建 NotesService
在项目根目录中创建新文件notesservice.go:
go
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"errors"
"os"
"time"
"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
)
type Note struct {
ID string `json:"id"`
Title string `json:"title"`
Content string `json:"content"`
CreatedAt time.Time `json:"createdAt"`
UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updatedAt"`
}
type NotesService struct {
notes []Note
}
func NewNotesService() *NotesService {
return &NotesService{
notes: make([]Note, 0),
}
}
// GetAll returns all notes
func (n *NotesService) GetAll() []Note {
return n.notes
}
// Create creates a new note
func (n *NotesService) Create(title, content string) Note {
note := Note{
ID: generateID(),
Title: title,
Content: content,
CreatedAt: time.Now(),
UpdatedAt: time.Now(),
}
n.notes = append(n.notes, note)
return note
}
// Update updates an existing note
func (n *NotesService) Update(id, title, content string) error {
for i := range n.notes {
if n.notes[i].ID == id {
n.notes[i].Title = title
n.notes[i].Content = content
n.notes[i].UpdatedAt = time.Now()
return nil
}
}
return errors.New("note not found")
}
// Delete deletes a note
func (n *NotesService) Delete(id string) error {
for i := range n.notes {
if n.notes[i].ID == id {
n.notes = append(n.notes[:i], n.notes[i+1:]...)
return nil
}
}
return errors.New("note not found")
}
// SaveToFile saves notes to a file
func (n *NotesService) SaveToFile() error {
path, err := application.Get().Dialog.SaveFile().
SetFilename("notes.json").
AddFilter("JSON Files", "*.json").
PromptForSingleSelection()
if err != nil {
return err
}
data, err := json.MarshalIndent(n.notes, "", " ")
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err := os.WriteFile(path, data, 0644); err != nil {
return err
}
application.Get().Dialog.Info().
SetTitle("Success").
SetMessage("Notes saved successfully!").
Show()
return nil
}
// LoadFromFile loads notes from a file
func (n *NotesService) LoadFromFile() error {
path, err := application.Get().Dialog.OpenFile().
AddFilter("JSON Files", "*.json").
PromptForSingleSelection()
if err != nil {
return err
}
data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
if err != nil {
return err
}
var notes []Note
if err := json.Unmarshal(data, ¬es); err != nil {
return err
}
n.notes = notes
application.Get().Dialog.Info().
SetTitle("Success").
SetMessage("Notes loaded successfully!").
Show()
return nil
}
func generateID() string {
return time.Now().Format("20060102150405")
}这里的工作原理:
- Note 结构体:使用小写 JSON 标签定义数据结构,以便正确序列化
- CRUD 操作:使用 GetAll、Create、Update 和 Delete 管理内存中的笔记
- 文件对话框:使用
application.Get().Dialog.SaveFile()和application.Get().Dialog.OpenFile()访问原生对话框 - 信息对话框:使用
application.Get().Dialog.Info()显示成功消息 - ID 生成:简单的基于时间戳的 ID 生成器
3
更新 main.go
替换main.go的内容:
go
package main
import (
"embed"
_ "embed"
"log"
"github.com/wailsapp/wails/v3/pkg/application"
)
//go:embed all:frontend/dist
var assets embed.FS
func main() {
app := application.New(application.Options{
Name: "Notes App",
Description: "A simple notes application",
Services: []application.Service{
application.NewService(NewNotesService()),
},
Assets: application.AssetOptions{
Handler: application.AssetFileServerFS(assets),
},
Mac: application.MacOptions{
ApplicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed: true,
},
})
app.Window.NewWithOptions(application.WebviewWindowOptions{
Title: "Notes App",
Width: 1000,
Height: 700,
BackgroundColour: application.NewRGB(255, 255, 255),
URL: "/",
})
err := app.Run()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}这里的工作原理:
- 将
NotesService注册到应用中 - 创建尺寸为(1000x700)的窗口,仿照 Apple Notes
- 设置正确的 macOS 行为,以便在最后一个窗口关闭时退出应用
4
创建 HTML 结构
替换frontend/index.html:
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Notes App</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="./style.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="app">
<!-- Sidebar -->
<div class="sidebar">
<div class="sidebar-header">
<h1>Notes</h1>
<button id="new-note-btn" class="btn-primary">+ New Note</button>
</div>
<div id="notes-list" class="notes-list"></div>
<div class="sidebar-footer">
<button id="save-btn" class="btn-secondary">Save</button>
<button id="load-btn" class="btn-secondary">Load</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Editor -->
<div class="editor">
<div id="empty-state" class="empty-state">
<h2>No note selected</h2>
<p>Select a note from the list or create a new one</p>
</div>
<div id="note-editor" class="note-editor" style="display: none;">
<input type="text" id="note-title" placeholder="Note title" class="title-input">
<textarea id="note-content" placeholder="Start typing..." class="content-input"></textarea>
<div class="editor-footer">
<button id="delete-btn" class="btn-danger">Delete</button>
<span id="last-updated" class="last-updated"></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="/wails/runtime.js"></script>
<script type="module" src="./src/main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>这里的工作原理:
- 双栏布局:侧边栏用于显示笔记列表,主区域用于编辑
- 空状态:未选择笔记时显示
- Wails 运行时:必须在模块脚本之前加载
5
添加 CSS 样式
替换frontend/public/style.css:
css
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
height: 100vh;
overflow: hidden;
}
.app {
display: flex;
height: 100vh;
}
/* Sidebar */
.sidebar {
width: 300px;
background: #f5f5f5;
border-right: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.sidebar-header {
padding: 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
}
.sidebar-header h1 {
font-size: 24px;
margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.notes-list {
flex: 1;
overflow-y: auto;
}
.note-item {
padding: 16px 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
cursor: pointer;
transition: background 0.2s;
}
.note-item:hover {
background: #e8e8e8;
}
.note-item.active {
background: #007aff;
color: white;
}
.note-item h3 {
font-size: 16px;
margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.note-item p {
font-size: 14px;
opacity: 0.7;
white-space: nowrap;
overflow: hidden;
text-overflow: ellipsis;
}
.sidebar-footer {
padding: 16px 20px;
border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
display: flex;
gap: 8px;
}
/* Editor */
.editor {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
}
.empty-state {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
color: #999;
}
.note-editor {
flex: 1;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
padding: 20px;
}
.title-input {
font-size: 32px;
font-weight: bold;
border: none;
outline: none;
margin-bottom: 16px;
padding: 8px 0;
}
.content-input {
flex: 1;
font-size: 16px;
border: none;
outline: none;
resize: none;
font-family: inherit;
line-height: 1.6;
}
.editor-footer {
display: flex;
justify-content: space-between;
align-items: center;
padding-top: 16px;
border-top: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
}
.last-updated {
font-size: 14px;
color: #999;
}
/* Buttons */
.btn-primary {
background: #007aff;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 10px 20px;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 14px;
font-weight: 500;
width: 100%;
}
.btn-primary:hover {
background: #0056b3;
}
.btn-secondary {
background: white;
color: #333;
border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
padding: 8px 16px;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 14px;
flex: 1;
}
.btn-secondary:hover {
background: #f5f5f5;
}
.btn-danger {
background: #ff3b30;
color: white;
border: none;
padding: 8px 16px;
border-radius: 6px;
cursor: pointer;
font-size: 14px;
}
.btn-danger:hover {
background: #cc0000;
}这里的工作原理:
- 采用简洁排版和配色的 Apple 风格设计
- 使用 Flexbox 实现响应式侧边栏和编辑器布局
- 使用蓝色背景突出显示当前笔记
- 平滑的悬停过渡效果
6
实现 JavaScript 逻辑
替换frontend/src/main.js:
javascript
import { NotesService } from '../bindings/changeme'
let notes = []
let currentNote = null
// Load notes on startup
async function loadNotes() {
notes = await NotesService.GetAll()
renderNotesList()
}
// Render notes list
function renderNotesList() {
const notesList = document.getElementById('notes-list')
if (notes.length === 0) {
notesList.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 20px; text-align: center; color: #999;">No notes yet</div>'
return
}
notesList.innerHTML = notes.map(note => `
<div class="note-item ${currentNote?.id === note.id ? 'active' : ''}" data-id="${note.id}">
<h3>${note.title || 'Untitled'}</h3>
<p>${note.content || 'No content'}</p>
</div>
`).join('')
// Add click handlers
document.querySelectorAll('.note-item').forEach(item => {
item.addEventListener('click', () => {
const id = item.dataset.id
selectNote(id)
})
})
}
// Select a note
function selectNote(id) {
currentNote = notes.find(n => n.id === id)
if (currentNote) {
document.getElementById('empty-state').style.display = 'none'
document.getElementById('note-editor').style.display = 'flex'
document.getElementById('note-title').value = currentNote.title
document.getElementById('note-content').value = currentNote.content
document.getElementById('last-updated').textContent =
`Last updated: ${new Date(currentNote.updatedAt).toLocaleString()}`
renderNotesList()
}
}
// Create new note
document.getElementById('new-note-btn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
const note = await NotesService.Create('Untitled', '')
notes.push(note)
selectNote(note.id)
// Focus the title input and select all text so user can immediately type
const titleInput = document.getElementById('note-title')
titleInput.focus()
titleInput.select()
})
// Update note on input
let updateTimeout
function scheduleUpdate() {
clearTimeout(updateTimeout)
updateTimeout = setTimeout(async () => {
if (currentNote) {
const title = document.getElementById('note-title').value
const content = document.getElementById('note-content').value
await NotesService.Update(currentNote.id, title, content)
// Update local copy
const note = notes.find(n => n.id === currentNote.id)
if (note) {
note.title = title
note.content = content
note.updatedAt = new Date().toISOString()
}
renderNotesList()
document.getElementById('last-updated').textContent =
`Last updated: ${new Date().toLocaleString()}`
}
}, 500)
}
document.getElementById('note-title').addEventListener('input', scheduleUpdate)
document.getElementById('note-content').addEventListener('input', scheduleUpdate)
// Delete note
document.getElementById('delete-btn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
if (!currentNote) return
try {
await NotesService.Delete(currentNote.id)
notes = notes.filter(n => n.id !== currentNote.id)
currentNote = null
document.getElementById('empty-state').style.display = 'flex'
document.getElementById('note-editor').style.display = 'none'
renderNotesList()
} catch (error) {
console.error('Delete failed:', error)
}
})
// Save to file
document.getElementById('save-btn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
try {
await NotesService.SaveToFile()
} catch (error) {
if (error) console.error('Save failed:', error)
}
})
// Load from file
document.getElementById('load-btn').addEventListener('click', async () => {
try {
await NotesService.LoadFromFile()
notes = await NotesService.GetAll()
currentNote = null
document.getElementById('empty-state').style.display = 'flex'
document.getElementById('note-editor').style.display = 'none'
renderNotesList()
} catch (error) {
if (error) console.error('Load failed:', error)
}
})
// Initialize
loadNotes()这里的工作原理:
- 自动保存:500毫秒的防抖可避免输入时过度调用后端
- 属性访问:使用与 Go JSON 标签匹配的小写属性名(
.id、.title) - 焦点管理:创建新笔记时自动聚焦并选中标题
- 无需确认即可删除:浏览器的
confirm()在 Wails WebView 中不起作用 - 文件操作:通过原生对话框保存和加载文件,并进行适当的错误处理
7
运行应用
bash
wails3 dev
应用启动后,你可以:
- 单击“+ New Note”创建笔记
- 编辑标题和内容(在500毫秒后自动保存)
- 单击侧边栏中的笔记进行切换
- 单击“Delete”删除当前笔记
- 单击“Save”将笔记导出为 JSON
- 单击“Load”导入之前保存的笔记
关键概念
文件和消息对话框
Wails v3 中没有包级对话框构造函数——每个对话框都通过app.Dialog管理器创建。在服务中,通过application.Get()获取应用(它会返回正在运行的*application.App):
go
// Correct — manager-based dialogs.
app := application.Get()
path, err := app.Dialog.SaveFile().
SetFilename("notes.json").
AddFilter("JSON Files", "*.json").
PromptForSingleSelection()对应的方法是用于消息对话框的app.Dialog.Info() / Question() / Warning() / Error(),以及用于文件对话框的app.Dialog.OpenFile() / SaveFile()(还有*WithOptions变体)。
JSON 标签映射
Go 结构体的 JSON 标签必须使用小写,以匹配 JavaScript 属性访问:
go
type Note struct {
ID string `json:"id"` // Must be lowercase
}javascript
// JavaScript accesses with lowercase
const noteId = note.id // Correct
const noteId = note.ID // Would be undefined防抖自动保存
500毫秒的防抖可减少不必要的后端调用:
javascript
let updateTimeout
function scheduleUpdate() {
clearTimeout(updateTimeout) // Cancel previous timer
updateTimeout = setTimeout(async () => {
// Only saves if user stops typing for 500ms
await NotesService.Update(currentNote.id, title, content)
}, 500)
}后续步骤
- 添加分类或标签来整理笔记
- 实现搜索和筛选功能
- 使用所见即所得编辑器添加富文本编辑功能
- 将笔记同步到云存储
- 为常用操作添加键盘快捷键